Hot-air motor



. 1,603,779 J. KOENIG HOT AIR MOTOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 19 1926.

Oct. 19 1926.

' J. KOENIG HOT AIR MOTOR OFiled Dec. 10. 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 19 1926.

` 1,603,779 J. KOENIG HOT AIR MOTOR Filed DeC. l0, 1925 3' Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Det., 19, 1926.

Uhll'ED STATES JOSEPH KOENIG, OF MANITOWOC, WISCONSIN.

HOT-AIR MOTOR.

Application filed December rThis invention relates to hot air motors.

bjects of this invention are to provide a hot air motor which is adapted to deliver a relatively large amount of power for its size, as compared with the usual hot air motor, and which may be made of any desired capacity.

Further objects are to provide a hot air motor which has a high degree of efficiency and which provides for quick interchanges of heat, and which is automatic in its action and devoid of valves which control the flow of the air to and from the working cylinder and the air conditioning or treating cylinders.

ln general, this invention is an improvement over that disclosed in my copending application for hot air motors filed Dec. l, 1925, Serial Number 72,506.

Further objects are to provide a hot air motor in which the cams, levers, and walking beams used in my prior construction, as identified above, are Wholly avoided,and in which a single pump is employed for actuating a number of small pistons whichfin turn actuate the pistons in the air chilling and heating cylinders or air conditioning cylinders. y

It is, therefore, a further object to `provide a very much simplified type of motor over prior constructions, and in which a quieter operation is secured and one having a fewer number of exposed moving parts, so that the devicemay be relatively compactly built, and in which the dierent members will operate in perfect relative timing.

A further object is to so position the seve al cylinders that access may be more freely had to the dilferent cylinders than has heretofore been possible.

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional view through a portion of the motor, such view corresponding` to a section on thel line 1 1 of Figure 3.

Figure 2' is a sectional view on the line 2 2 of Figure 3.,

Figure 3 is a plan view of the apparatus with the crank shaft and; upper cylinders omitted to more clearly show thesmall cylinders and'pump.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that the hot. air motor is equipped with a plurality of units. 1n, the form shown, two units have been employed although it is to be understood that any number may be 10, 1925. Serial No. 74,560.

used. Fach unit comprises a working cylinder which has its upper' and lower end connectedto air conditioning cylinders. One unit has been shown in section, such section corresponding substantially to thatl taken along the line 1 1 of Figure 3 and being illustrated in Figure 1. From this View, it will be seen that the working cylinder l is provided with a piston 2 connected by a suitable connecting link or pitman with the crank of a main or cranlr shaft 3.

This working cylinder has its upper end connected by means of a pipe l with the upper end of the air conditioning cylinder 5, such air conditioning cylinder having a=piston G joined by means of a piston rod 7 with a small piston 8 working in an operating cylinder` 9 hereinafter described in detail. Similarly, the lower end of the werking cylinder 1 is connected b y means-of a pipe 10 with the upper end of the air conditioning cylinder 11. This cylinder is provided with a piston 12 connected by means-of a rod 13, with a smaller piston 14 in the operating cylinder 15.

The other unit comprises a working cylinder 1 and` air conditioning cylinders 5 and 11, the pistons in such latter cylinders being worked by means of the operating cylinders 9 and 15, as shown in Figure. 8.y However, it is thought necessary to describe only one unit as the other is a duplicate.

Referring again to Figure V1, it will be seen that the two air conditioning cylinders are of duplicate construction and each has a heated upper end and a chilled lower end. The heated upper end includes a downwardly extending shell 1G within which a burner 17 operates.V rlhe chilled lower end is provided with an upwardly extending portion 18 similar to the portion 16.r This portion 18 and the lower end of the cylinder 5 is water jaclteted, as indicated at 19, so that it may be maintained in a cool condition. However, it is obvious that other chilling fluid than water may be used.

The pistons of the air conditioning cylin'- ders carry elongated shells 20 which are slightly out of contact with the walls of the cylinder and are rigidly carried by the piston 6, it being noted that such piston has a downturned insulating portion 21 and is itself composed of or provided with heat insulating material.

Further, it will be noted that the shells 20, forming a portion of the pistons, serve presser 32 oi any desired type.

to deflect the gases discharged through the pipe l or lO :trom contact with the heated portion of the cylinder and direct such gas, when passing inwardly, downwardly ktowards the chilled end of the cylinder, as shown in the lett hand side ot Figurel l.

rlhe cylinders 9 and 15 of a unit, each are provided with pistons, as described and the upper and lower end ot each olf these actuating cylinders are connected to the upper and lower ends oit a main actuating pump or cylinder ln tact, for the form shown, all ot the actuating cylinders are ope ated 'from this main pump. This is provided with a piston which is connected by means ot a link with a crank 2st on the main crank shaft, as shown in Figure 2. 'lhe cranks tor the working cylinders l and are indicated by the reference characters 2G and 25. lt is, of course, to be understood that the drawings in this case are primarily diagrannnatic to avoid the detect of needlessly complicating the showing with parts commonly known in all engine constructions.

Further, in Figure 2, the enact arrangement ot the pipes from the pump 22 has been slightly varied i'rom that shown in ifigures l and 3 to avoid needless contusion, as these pipes would necessarily obscure the disclosure it arranged in their exact position, 'for instance, as shown in Figures l and l'le'fcrring again to Figure l, it will be seen that the upper end oit the cylinder il is connected by means ot a pipe 2i' with the upper end of the pump 22 and the lower end oi the cylinder is connected by means ot' a pipe 28 with the lower end ot the pump. However, the cylinder l5 has its upper end connected by means of a pipe 29 with the lower end of the pump 22, and the lower end oi2 the cylinder l5 is connected by means ot' a pipe 230 with the upper end ot the cylinder 22, so that a reverse operation of the pistons S and lll (see Figure l) with the corresponding reverse operations ot the pistons in the air conditioning cylinders ot this unit is attained. Further, it is to be noted from Figure 2 that the cranks 25 and 2G are set opposite.

At one end of the crank shatt or driving shaft 3, a small crank 3l is tioned and is connected to a small air main posicomrllhis air compressor is adapted to be connected by means ot hose or other means which has been omitted from the drawings to avoid confusion with the inwardly opening check valves 33 and 34, as needed, to put the entire air system under initial compression. The details ot these valves play no part in this invention and are t'ully illustrated in my above noted application.

The cycle of operation ot each unit is the same and consequently such cycle will be described with re'lerence to one unit only, such for instance as shown in Figure l. In the position oit the parts shown in this ligure, the piston 6 of the air conditioningcylinder 5 has moved downwardly and caused the air to circulate around the heated upper end oi the cylinder. This air consequently expands and drives the piston 2 ot the working cylinder downwardly. This causes the air beneath the working piston Q to pass into the air conditioning cylinder il, such air bcing deflected, as described in greater' detail in my above noted application, downwardly to the chilled end and beine kept substantially out oit contact with the heated end. chilled end of the cylinder li, therefore,

causes a contraction oi the air and allows the working piston to execute its stroke. leii'ore the ending oit this stroke and the beginning ot the upstroke, the piston 23 is moved downwardly consequently causing the pistons (3 and l2 olf the cylinders 5 and ll to reverse their positions, thus positioning the parts correctly for causing an upstrolre of the working piston 2.

rlhis cycle of operations will be repeated indefinitely as long as the air conditioning cylinders are heated at one end and chilled at the other.

lt will be noted that the device is free from cams, levers and other devices of this nature, and that a compact and simple arrangement has been provided for shifting the pistons in the air conditioning cylinders in proper timing with the pistons in their associated working cylinders.

lt is to be noted from reference to Figure 3 that the working cylinders are positioned Yforwardly with respect to the air conditioning cylinders. This provides greater freedom of access to the several cylinders, making adjustments and repairs easier than has heretofore been possible.

lt is to be understood that the pump 22 and the cylinders actuated thereby may be tilled with any suitable tluid, preferably, however, oil or some relatively non-compressible liquid is employed.

Further, it will be seen that due to the novel association and arrangement of parts and ot their peculiar construction, that a very serviceable and practical hot air engine or motor results from this invention.

Although the invention has been described in considerable detail, such description is intended as illustrative rather than limiting as the invention may be variously embodied and as the scope ot such invention is to be determined as claimed.

l claim:

l. A hot air motor comprising a crank shaft, a working cylinder having a piston connected to said crank shaft, a pair oit air conditioning cylinders having hot ends and cold ends, pistons in said air conditionin@ cylinders controlling the iow of air to The said hot and cold ends, a pump connected to said crank shaft, small cylinders supplied from said pump and having pistons therein connected to the pistons in said air conditioning cylinders.

2. A hot air motor comprising a working cylinder having a working piston therein, a pair of air conditioning cylinders connected to opposite ends of said working cylinder and each air conditioning cylinder having a hot end and a cold end, an air circulating piston in each of said air conditioning cylinders, a pump connected operatively with the piston in said working cylinder, said pump comprising a cylinder having a piston therein, a pair of small cylinders positioned beneath said air conditioning cylinders, and having pistons connected to the pistons of said air conditioning cylinders, a pair of pipes connecting the upper end and lower end of said pump cylinder, to the upper and lower end of one small cylinder and to the lower and upper ends of the other small cylinder, respectively, whereby vwhen the piston in said pump cylinder is actuated, thc pistons in said small cylinders will bc moved in reverse directions.

3. A hot air motor comprising a plurality of working cylinders, a crank shaft mounted below said cylinders, pistons in said cylinders connected to said cranks, a pair of air conditioning cylinders associated with each of said working cylinders and connected to opposite ends thereof, small cylinders mounted below said air conditioningcylinders, pistons in said small cylinders, and in said air conditioning cylinders connected directly by rods, a pump operated from said crank sliaft and having a cylinder with its ends connected to each of said small cylinders in a manner to cause reverse operation of each pair of the pistons in said small cylinders, and a piston in said pump cylinder connected to said crank shaft.

4. A hot air engine comprising a crank shaft, a plurality of working cylinders mounted above said crank shaft, pistons within said cylinders connected to said crank shaft, a pair of air conditioning cylinders associated with each of said working cylinders and connected to opposite ends thereof, said air conditioning cylinders being mounted rearwardly of said working cylinders, small cylinders located below said air conditioning cylinders and having pistons therein, said air conditioning cylinders having pistons therein controlling the iow of air within such cylinders and directly connected to the pistons of said small cylinders, a pump operatively connected to said crank shaft and controlling the motions of the pistons in each of said small cylinders, said pump having a cylinder whose ends are revcrsely connected to the ends of said small cylinders.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Visconsin.

JOSEPH KOENIGrv 

